Difference between revisions of "Children's subject headings"

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{{review|date=October 14, 2015}}
{{external|[http://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeLCSH/freelcsh.html#CSH LC Children's Subject Headings]}}
[[Category:Children's materials]]
For children's material, follow the [[subject and genre headings]] guidelines with these additions.
[[Category:Subject headings]]
[[Category:Foreign language materials]]
==Primary source==
The primary source for subject headings for children's material is the most recent edition of the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). <!--The Annotated Card Program (AC) subject heading list for children's material, including a description of how those headings are used, is located <s>at the beginning of the first LCSH volume</s> in the introduction to LCSH, in Catalogers Desktop or in the first volume of a printed set. -->
 
All standard LCSH terms may also be used and coded as children's subject headings (second indicator 1 instead of 0) as long as the LCSH term does not conflict with an LC children's heading, so before using an LCSH heading as a children's heading, be sure to check it against the authority file to verify whether or not the heading has been changed or simplified for children.
 
Please delete any Sears subject headings. They are normally coded as 655, second indicator 7, with <code>&Dagger;2 sears</code>.<ref name="catmin200804">[http://www.ccs.nsls.lib.il.us/ccs/minutes/cat/2008/catmin080402.pdf Cataloger's minutes, April 2008]</ref>
 
==Tagging==
Headings from the children's subject headings list, headings from LCSH used without the subheading Juvenile literature, and headings used with the subheading Fiction are tagged 650 with a second indicator of 1. (for children)
 
'''Examples:'''
{{example|text=
651 _1 Solar system.
650 _1 Friendship{{subfield|v}}Fiction.
}}
 
Headings from the main body of LCSH used with the subheading Juvenile literature and LCSH juvenile form headings are tagged 650 with a second indicator of 0.  (for adults)
 
'''Examples:'''
{{example|text=
651 _0 Solar system{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.
650 _0 Friendship{{subfield|v}}Juvenile fiction.
}}
 
Other 6XX headings are tagged in a similar manner.


==Policies==
See also [[Non-English Language Materials]] for resources in languages other than English.
CCS follows LC subject heading practice and construction.  Everything cataloged should have at least one subject heading, regardless of format.  Supply subject headings for both fiction and nonfiction.  When choosing subject headings, catalogers should think about how children will access the item being cataloged.  The following specific guidelines are provided with examples.


<ol>
==Subject headings==
<li>Assign both general and specific subject headings to the same work if both are useful access points.<br>
Any of the following are acceptable in the CCS database. For original cataloging, prefer at least LCSH.
'''Example:'''
*LCSH only
{{example|text=
*LC Children’s Subject Headings only
650 _0 Birds of prey{{subfield|z}}North America{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.
*LCSH + LC Children’s Subject Headings
650 _1 Birds of prey.
650 _1 Predatory animals.
}}
</li>


<li>Use form headings whenever access by form is useful.<br>
{{example|indent=1|text=
'''Example:'''
650 _0 Dogs{{subfield|v}}Juvenile fiction.
{{example|text=
655 _0 Riddles, Juvenile.
650 _0 Schools{{subfield|v}}Juvenile humor.
650 _1 Schools{{subfield|v}}Wit and humor.
655 _1 Riddles.
}}
</li>


<li>Assign both popular and scientific terms when useful.<br>
650 _1 Dogs{{subfield|v}}Fiction.
'''Example:'''
{{example|text=
650 _0 Canidae{{subfield|z}}North America{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.
650 _1 Canidae.
650 _1 Dogs.
}}
</li>


<li>Assign subject headings for readily identifiable topics as well as abstract concepts.<br>
650 _0 Dogs{{subfield|v}}Juvenile fiction.
'''Example:'''
650 _1 Dogs{{subfield|v}}Fiction.
{{example|text=650 _1 Fear of the dark{{subfield|v}}Fiction.}}
</li>


<li>Retain duplicate LC and LC children's headings.<br>
650 _0 Swine{{subfield|v}}Juvenile fiction.
'''Example:'''
650 _1 Pigs{{subfield|v}}Fiction. }}
{{example|text=
650 _0 Medicine{{subfield|x}}History{{subfield|y}}17th century.
650 _1 Medicine{{subfield|x}}History{{subfield|y}}17th century.
}}
</li>


<li>Use the subdivision '''Juvenile fiction''' as well as '''Fiction''' when a heading is likely to also be used for adult materials.<br>
Do not use LC Children’s Subject Headings in the form <code>[Language] language materials.</code>
'''Example:'''
{{example|indent=1|text=
{{example|text=
{{incorrect|INCORRECT:
651 _0 California{{subfield|x}}History{{subfield|y}}1846-1850{{subfield|v}}Juvenile fiction.
650 _1 Spanish language materials.
651 _1 California{{subfield|x}}History{{subfield|y}}1846-1850{{subfield|v}}Fiction.
655 _1 Spanish language materials. }} }}
}}
</li>


<li>Use the subdivisions '''Juvenile films''', '''Juvenile sound recordings''', and '''Juvenile software''' under topical headings to distinguish between adult and juvenile materials.  These subheadings are not used with children's subject headings.  See Subject Cataloging Manual H 1690 for more information.<br>
Use the heading <code>Children's stories</code> only for collections of stories and works about children’s stories.
'''Examples:'''
{{example|indent=1|text=
{{example|text=
650 _0 Children’s stories, American.  
650 _0 Rain and rainfall{{subfield|v}}Juvenile films.
(''a collection of stories'')
650 _0 English language{{subfield|x}}Alphabet{{subfield|v}}Juvenile sound recordings.
650 _0 Learning by discovery{{subfield|v}}Juvenile software.
}}
</li>


<li>For juvenile belles lettres, assign juvenile form headings and subdivisions. Do not use the subdivision—Juvenile literature under any form or genre headings, whether adult or juvenile.  See Subject Cataloging Manual H 1690 for more information.<br>
{{incorrect|INCORRECT:
'''Examples:'''
650 _0 Children’s stories, American.}}(''a single work'') }}
{{example|text=
655 _0 Children's poetry.
655 _0 Fairy tales.
}}


<span style="color:red;">'''INCORRECT:'''</span>
Use the subdivision <code>Pictorial works</code> only as applicable for nonfiction works, not for picture books.
{{example|text=
{{example|indent=1|text=
<span style="color:red;">655 _0 Children's poetry{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.
650 _0 Dogs{{subfield|v}}Juvenile fiction.
655 _0 Fairy tales{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.
655 _7 Picture books.{{subfield|2}}lcgft
655 _0 Ghost stories{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.</span>
}}
</li>


<li>Restrict use of the subdivision '''United States''' and the qualifying term, '''American''', in children's headings.  Most materials ordered reflect an American orientation.<br>
{{incorrect|INCORRECT:
'''Examples:'''
650 _0 Dogs{{subfield|v}}Fiction{{subfield|v}}Pictorial works. }} }}
{{example|text=
650 _0 Dogs{{subfield|z}}United States{{subfield|v}}Juvenile literature.
650 _1 Dogs.
655 _0 Children's poetry, American.
655 _1 Poetry.
}}
</li>


<li>Submit to the Authority Control librarian any additional cross references to lead patrons from terms that are not in the catalog to those that are.<br>
Use the subdivision <code>Specimens</code> only for realia
'''Example:'''
{{example|indent=1|text=
{{example|text=Genies see Jinn}}
650 _0 Telescopes{{subfield|v}}Specimens.
</li>
655 _7 Toy and movable books.{{subfield|2}}lcgft


<li>The heading ''Children's stories'' should '''only''' be used for collections of stories (tagged as 655) or items about children's stories (tagged as 650).<ref name="catmin200706">[http://www.ccs.nsls.lib.il.us/ccs/minutes/cat/2007/catmin070606.PDF Catalogers' minutes, June 2007]</ref>
{{incorrect|INCORRECT:
</li>
650 _0 Toy and movable books{{subfield|v}}Specimens.<br />655 _7 Toy and movable books{{subfield|v}}Specimens. }} }}


<li>''Pictorial works'' should '''not''' be used as a heading or subdivision for picture books; it is actually for non-fiction works that are mostly photographs.<ref name="catmin200706" />
==Genre headings==
Use a 655 field for genre/form headings. If a genre/form heading is valid as an LC Children’s Subject Heading in a 650 field, use an equivalent [[Genre/form headings|LCGFT]] or [[local genre headings|local genre heading]] instead, in a 655 field.


<li>Use the subdivision ''Specimens'' only for realia.<br>
{{example|indent=1|text=
'''Examples:'''
655 _7 Fantasy fiction.{{subfield|2}}lcgft
{{example|text=
655 _0 Toy and movable books.
655 _0 Board books.
655 _0 Board books.
}}


<span style="color:red;">'''INCORRECT:'''</span>
{{incorrect|INCORRECT:
{{example|text=
650 _1 Fantasy.<br />650 _1 Board books. }} }}
<span style="color:red;">650 _0 Toy and movable books{{subfield|v}}Specimens.
650 _0 Board books{{subfield|v}}Specimens.</span>
}}
</ol>
 
 
 
==Helpful subject & genre headings and subdivisions==
 
{{example|text=
650 _0 ''[topic]''{{subfield|v}}Sound recordings for foreign speakers.
650 _0 ''[topic]''{{subfield|v}}Sound recordings for Chinese speakers.
 
655 _0 Toy and movable books. ''(For manipulative books not covered by a more specific heading.)''
 
655 _0 Pop-up books.
 
655 _0 Lift-the-flap books.


Common genre/form headings for children’s materials:
{{example|indent=1|text=
655 _0 Big books. ''(For enlarged, poster-size books designed to be read aloud in a group setting.)''
655 _0 Board books.
655 _0 Board books.
 
655 _7 Lift-the-flap books.{{subfield|2}}lcgft
655 _0 Oversize books. ''(For books too large to be shelved in normal shelf sequence.)''
 
655 _0 Big books. ''(For enlarged, poster-size books designed to be read aloud in a group setting.)''
 
655 _0 Miniature books. ''(For books 10 cm or less in both height and width.)''
655 _0 Miniature books. ''(For books 10 cm or less in both height and width.)''
 
655 _7 Picture books.{{subfield|2}}lcgft  
655 _0 Picture books for children.<ref name="scrapmin200705">[http://www.ccs.nsls.lib.il.us/ccs/minutes/scrap/2007/2007-05.PDF SCRAP minutes, May 2007]</ref>
655 _7 Pop-up books.{{subfield|2}}lcgft
}}
655 _7 Toy and movable books.{{subfield|2}}lcgft ''(For manipulative books not covered by a more specific heading.)'' }}
 
[[Category:Children's materials]]
These headings should be used to distinguish adult and juvenile books on cassette, books on CD, or online audiobooks:
[[Category:Subject headings]]
 
[[Category:Non-English language materials]]
{{example|text=
[[Category:Local practices]]
655 _7 Audiobooks.{{subfield|2}}lcgft
[[Category:Rules reminders]]
655 _7 Children's audiobooks.{{subfield|2}}lcgft
}}
 
Examples of headings for films and video recordings:
 
{{example|text=
655 _7 Children's films.{{subfield|2}}lcgft ''(For fiction and non-fiction films)''
650 _0 ''[Topical heading]''{{subfield|v}}Juvenile films. ''(For fiction and non-fiction films)''
}}
 
These example headings are recommended for foreign language materials:
 
{{example|text=
650 _1 French language{{subfield|v}}Readers. ''(For instruction and practice in reading that language)''
655 _7 French language materials.{{subfield|2}}local ''(For general information or recreational reading)''
650 _1 French language materials{{subfield|x}}Bilingual. ''(For materials written in two languages)''
}}
 
==References==
<references />

Latest revision as of 17:12, 11 November 2022

For children's material, follow the subject and genre headings guidelines with these additions.

See also Non-English Language Materials for resources in languages other than English.

Subject headings

Any of the following are acceptable in the CCS database. For original cataloging, prefer at least LCSH.

  • LCSH only
  • LC Children’s Subject Headings only
  • LCSH + LC Children’s Subject Headings
650 _0 Dogs‡vJuvenile fiction.

650 _1 Dogs‡vFiction.

650 _0 Dogs‡vJuvenile fiction.
650 _1 Dogs‡vFiction.

650 _0 Swine‡vJuvenile fiction.
650 _1 Pigs‡vFiction.

Do not use LC Children’s Subject Headings in the form [Language] language materials. 

INCORRECT:
650 _1 Spanish language materials.
655 _1 Spanish language materials.

Use the heading Children's stories only for collections of stories and works about children’s stories. 

650 _0 Children’s stories, American. 
(a collection of stories)


INCORRECT:
650 _0 Children’s stories, American.
(a single work)

Use the subdivision Pictorial works only as applicable for nonfiction works, not for picture books. 

650 _0 Dogs‡vJuvenile fiction.
655 _7 Picture books.‡2lcgft


INCORRECT:
650 _0 Dogs‡vFiction‡vPictorial works.

Use the subdivision Specimens only for realia 

650 _0 Telescopes‡vSpecimens. 
655 _7 Toy and movable books.‡2lcgft


INCORRECT:
650 _0 Toy and movable books‡vSpecimens.
655 _7 Toy and movable books‡vSpecimens.

Genre headings

Use a 655 field for genre/form headings. If a genre/form heading is valid as an LC Children’s Subject Heading in a 650 field, use an equivalent LCGFT or local genre heading instead, in a 655 field. 

655 _7 Fantasy fiction.‡2lcgft
655 _0 Board books.


INCORRECT:
650 _1 Fantasy.
650 _1 Board books.

Common genre/form headings for children’s materials: 

655 _0 Big books. (For enlarged, poster-size books designed to be read aloud in a group setting.)
655 _0 Board books.
655 _7 Lift-the-flap books.‡2lcgft
655 _0 Miniature books. (For books 10 cm or less in both height and width.)
655 _7 Picture books.‡2lcgft 
655 _7 Pop-up books.‡2lcgft
655 _7 Toy and movable books.‡2lcgft (For manipulative books not covered by a more specific heading.)
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